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br Introduction Psychostimulant abuse and addiction remain a
2024-04-23
Introduction Psychostimulant abuse and addiction remain a societal problem in the United States. The latest statistics from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health indicate that slightly less than one million people over the age of 12 report having a cocaine use disorder (NSDUH, 2016). Additio
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It was recently shown that AHR and HIF cooperate
2024-04-23
It was recently shown that AHR and HIF-1α cooperate to support the metabolism of Tr1 estrone [6]. Interestingly, AHR and HIF-1α act sequentially to orchestrate the metabolic remodeling of lymphocytes. While HIF-1α regulates the early metabolic reprogramming of Tr1 cells, AHR takes over at later tim
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Mechanistically NAergic signaling in the VTA modulates neuro
2024-04-23
Mechanistically, NAergic signaling in the VTA modulates neuronal activity presumably via α1-AR. The majority of α1-ARs are found in the VTA are located presynaptically on unmyelinated Levodopa and axon terminals of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. However, α1-ARs are also found on neuronal dend
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To verify whether circulating APN could protect
2024-04-23
To verify whether circulating APN could protect cognitive function during aging, we detected the alterations in circulating adipoenctin levels in aging rats. Our results suggested that circulating APN levels reduced with age. Kawasumi et al’s study results are consistent with ours. They concluded th
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The present work has implications for our thinking
2024-04-23
The present work has implications for our thinking about the effects of antidepressant (e.g. SSRIs) use on maternal care in depressed mothers which consist of approximately 10–20% of all mothers (Gjerdingen and Yawn, 2007, Susser et al., 2016), and more than 40% of depressed mothers are prescribed w
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A previous study reported that the serotonergic mechanism
2024-04-23
A previous study reported that the serotonergic mechanism was involved in the psychological stress-induced alteration in synaptic plasticity in the rat hippocampal CA1 field (Matsumoto et al., 2004). Sumitaka Inoue et al. (Inoue et al., 2014) reported that pretreatment with a 5-HT1A receptor partial
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As an alternative to chronic receptor blockade we have
2024-04-23
As an alternative to chronic receptor blockade, we have been targeting adenosine kinase (ADK) – an astrocyte-based enzyme that catalyses the phosphorylation of adenosine, as a means to modify Penciclovir mg adenosinergic signalling (Boison, 2006, Etherington et al., 2009). Up-regulating ADK facilit
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Tenovin-3 synthesis A more versatile cellular delivery syste
2024-04-23
A more versatile cellular delivery system for adenosine was generated by engineering mouse embryonic stem cells to lack both Tenovin-3 synthesis of Adk (Fedele et al., 2004). Using a step-wise differentiation protocol (Okabe et al., 1996) Adk−/− ES cells were differentiated into transplantable aden
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There are several reports about the expression of AChRs
2024-04-22
There are several reports about the expression of AChRs and their modulation to osteogenic factors in osteoblasts (Rothem et al., 2011, Sato et al., 2010, Walker et al., 2001). The normal osteocytic MLO-Y4 l-ascorbic acid expressed multiple subtypes, which was demonstrated by the detection of M1, M
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methylguanine dna methyltransferase br Experimental and simu
2024-04-22
Experimental and simulation section Acknowledgments Financial support for this work was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81101688). We would like to thank NC State University High Performance Computing Center for providing us computing resources, and Dr. Lihui
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Plant defensins are cysteine rich cationic
2024-04-22
Plant defensins are cysteine-rich cationic peptides of 5–8 kDa whose mature domain comprises 45 to 54 amino Fmoc-Glu(OtBu)-OPfp residues, with an isoelectric point around 9. The global fold of plant defensins consists of a cysteine-stabilized motif (CSα/β) made up of an α-helix and a triple-stranded
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A strain previously reported as
2024-04-22
A strain previously reported as demonstrating strong antifungal activity and suitability for food applications is Lactobacillus reuteri R29 (Axel et al., 2016, Oliveira et al., 2015). Oliveira et al. (2015) demonstrated that the cell-free supernatant (cfs) of medium fermented for 48 h with this stra
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The sequential behavioral approach used in
2024-04-22
The sequential behavioral approach used in the present study reinforced the involvement of the BDNF/TRKB system in the effect of losartan. In mice with dampened BDNF expression, losartan was no longer able to exert antidepressant-like effects. Similar to what was observed after losartan treatment, t
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In another study Yerra and Kumar
2024-04-22
In another study, Yerra and Kumar (2016) used streptozotocin to induce diabetic neuropathy in rats. Mechanical/thermal hyperalgesia, motor/sensory nerve conduction velocities (MNCV and SNCV) and sciatic nerve blood flow (NBF) were evaluated. In vitro studies of Neuro2a (N2A) cell culture were perfor
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Analysis of the crystal structures of
2024-04-22
Analysis of the crystal structures of LAPs from E. coli[29], bovine eye lens [30], Pseudomonas putida[27], tomato [31] and P. falciparum[32] revealed that the monomer of M17-family LAP is composed of two domains: the smaller, variable N-terminal domain and the larger, conserved C-terminal domain tha
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