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The biology of the A BR is complex
2024-10-18
The biology of the A2BR is complex and needs to be considered contextually as the expression and effect of receptor engagement varies according to time post hypoxic injury, cell type and downstream signaling pathway. For example, A2BR expression is dynamic - low under basal and increasing under isch
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The present study indicates elevated ATX activity as
2024-10-17
The present study indicates elevated ATX activity as a highly sensitive and specific biomarker to differentiate ICP from other pregnancy-related liver disorders or pruritic dermatoses. In Xylazine HCl sale to the current gold standard for diagnosis, total fasting serum bile salt levels, ATX appeare
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br Aurora A Aurora B and
2024-10-17
Aurora-A, Aurora-B and Aurora-C small molecule inhibitors Nicholas et al. described phenotypic cellular screening of new highly potent and selective class of Aurora kinase inhibitors. Fragment based approach was utilized; core structure of 57 (Fig. 5) was optimized and selective inhibitor 58 (Fig
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Acl converts cytosolic citrate CoA
2024-10-17
Acl converts cytosolic citrate, CoA and ATP into acetyl-CoA, ADP+Pi and oxaloacetate (Fig. 1). This cytosolic enzyme is present in few Prokaryotes and in all Eukaryotes, but not in non-oleaginous yeasts [14]. Thus, this enzyme was presumed to be essential for FA synthesis [1], [13], [15]. In most mi
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Recruitment of the Rad BP mediator
2024-10-17
Recruitment of the Rad9/53BP1 mediator to lumiracoxib synthesis involves multiple pathways (Fig. 2). In unperturbed conditions, Rad9 is already bound to chromatin via interaction between its Tudor domain and methylated histone H3 at lysine 79 [82], [83], [84], [85]. This constitutive Rad9 recruitme
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Thymoquinone TQ is the major active compound
2024-10-17
Thymoquinone (TQ) is the major active ace inhibitor derived from Nigella sativa (Woo et al., 2012). Recent animal studies support the potential of TQ for the treatment of a variety of inflammatory disorders like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), RA, and osteoarthritis (OA) (Salem, 2005, Badr et al.
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Most clinically approved antiangiogenic drugs are aimed at b
2024-10-17
Most clinically approved antiangiogenic drugs are aimed at blocking the action of vascular endothelial growth factor, or VEGF, which is accepted to be the most important tumor-derived angiogenic factor, stimulating proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, as well as branching of vessels (Fe
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Since ARBs strongly reduce inflammation it was
2024-10-17
Since ARBs strongly reduce inflammation, it was hypothesized that the protective effects on cognition were the result of reduction of inflammation and amelioration of neurogenic decrease. However, ARB treatment did not normalize increased inflammation and neurogenic loss. For this reason, the protec
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Finally intracrine androgen synthesis metabolism can
2024-10-17
Finally, intracrine androgen synthesis/metabolism can be activated thus allowing 3463 synthesis to bypass the low levels of androgens in the circulation by producing androgens themselves (Cai and Balk, 2011, Rahman et al., 2004). Moreover, changes in AR co-regulators like the overexpression of ster
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Evidence from basic science studies suggests
2024-10-17
Evidence from basic science studies suggests that Cd may play a role in prostate cancer through disruption of the androgen receptor (AR). AR, a hormone-activated transcription factor, is the key driver of prostate cancer progression [6]. Ironically, the AR is also required for normal prostate growth
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Linagliptin is a recently approved dipeptidyl peptidase DPP
2024-10-17
Linagliptin is a recently approved dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor and widely considered as first-line treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes. DPP-4 is responsible for the inactivation of incretin hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). GLP-1 is released by the intestine aft
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br Introduction Breast cancer is
2024-10-17
Introduction Breast cancer is the most frequently occurring cancer in women, and despite the development of new therapies there has been little decline in the mortality rate over the past decade (Siegel et al., 2015). This is partly due to the genetic diversity of breast cancers, such that there
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The proposed formulation is however challenging to solve
2024-10-17
The proposed formulation is, however, challenging to solve since the structured sparsity-inducing norms are non-smooth. In order to solve the new objective function, we consider two different approaches: proximal averaging, which takes the average the solutions from the proximal operator for the ind
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The present study determined the
2024-10-17
The present study determined the effect of DCA on VSMC calcification in vitro and in atherosclerotic ApoE-/- mice in vivo. We found that diltiazem hydrochloride non-toxic concentrations of DCA, did not affect VSMC viability, induced calcification of VSMC in culture and increased atherosclerotic vasc
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Furthermore stress hormones can indirectly induce DNA damage
2024-10-16
Furthermore, stress hormones can indirectly induce DNA damage, for example by altering DNA repair and transcriptional regulation of the cell cycle. It has been found that stress hormones induce the up-regulation of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) and checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) and proto-oncogene cell div
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