• Interestingly intermittent high doses of AKT inhibitors have

  2024-10-14

  

  Interestingly, intermittent high doses of AKT inhibitors have been shown to be a more effective strategy both clinically and pre-clinically. High doses appear to be required for induction of apoptosis and intermittent schedules overcome the low therapeutic index of these compounds. This is particula

• Plant material and growth conditions Arabidopsis thaliana ec

  2024-10-12

  

  Plant material and growth conditions. Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia was grown on a mixture of soil, vermiculite, and perlite (4:2:1) with a 16h light/8h dark fak pathway in a temperature-controlled growth room (22°C), unless indicated otherwise. Molecular cloning and plant transformation. T

• Although effects of low concentrations of

  2024-10-12

  

  Although effects of low concentrations of agonist were not as thoroughly documented for heteromeric receptors such as the major VLX600 receptor α4β2 nAChR, a similar mechanism of action was described to explain the potentiation of these receptors with low concentrations of acetylcholine-esterase-in

• A variety of quinazoline or fused pyrimidine substituted dia

  2024-10-12

  

  A variety of quinazoline or fused pyrimidine-substituted diaminotriazoles showed sub-100nM inhibition of Axl (). Diaminotriazoles similarly substituted with quinolines, isoquinolines and benzothiazoles also showed potent Axl activity (data not shown), but generally exhibited potent cytotoxicity and

• br Aurora kinases br Wnt signaling pathway The signal transd

  2024-10-12

  

  Aurora kinases Wnt signaling pathway The signal transduction pathway of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in embryogenesis to control cell differentiation and tumorigenesis [39]. A recent report indicates that 90% of colorectal cancer occur due to the activation of the Wn

• Given the recent discovery of regions of

  2024-10-12

  

  Given the recent discovery of regions of single-stranded DNA in the nuclei of hypoxic cells, the role for ATR in the response to hypoxic stress seems clearer . Zou and Elledge demonstrated that both Ddc 2 (the homolog of ATRIP) and ATRIP have a lower affinity for double-strand breaks than they do f

• ATM is required for the proper function of the

  2024-10-12

  

  ATM is required for the proper function of the DNA-repair pathway in response to bleomycin-induced DNA damage in mammalian cells [55], [56]. Recent reports suggest that ATM activation by double-strand breaks leads to the subsequent ATR activation [57], [58], [59]. The recruitment of ATR to double-st

• A large number of studies have

  2024-10-12

  

  A large number of studies have shown that oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiological process of ventricular remodeling and is associated with left ventricular dysfunction (Hori and Nishida, 2009, Lord et al., 2010). The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that exceeds anti-oxidat

• Antioxidative enzymes such as SOD and CAT play prominent

  2024-10-12

  

  Antioxidative enzymes such as SOD and CAT play prominent roles in protecting against oxidative stress and extending food freshness due to their ability in scavenging active oxygen species for maintaining cell membrane integrity. Evidence shows that activities of SOD and CAT are positively affected b

• Similar to the importance of MeJA in postharvest A

  2024-10-12

  

  Similar to the importance of MeJA in postharvest A. bisporus quality maintenance at 10°C storage (Meng et al., 2012a), MeJA was also observed to play a pivotal role in this event at 4°C storage. Cap opening is an important mushroom quality indicator (Braaksma et al., 1999). During postharvest storag

• Two major categories of arginase inhibitors have

  2024-10-12

  

  Two major categories of arginase inhibitors have been distinguished (Fig. 3): the first category comprises synthetic arginase inhibitors, which have been developed from the substrate l-arginine [35]; and the second category includes inhibitors derived from natural products [36]. The category of synt

• Introduction Enzymatic browning degrades quality

  2024-10-12

  

  Introduction Enzymatic browning degrades quality, safety, and nutritional values of various fruits or vegetable products. For example, the color of apple or potato is generally yellowish, representing freshness. However, they are extremely susceptible to enzymatic browning because of abundant polyp

• br HIF Signaling in AA Therapy

  2024-10-12

  

  HIF-α Signaling in AA Therapy Resistance An important result emerging from Phase 3 clinical trials testing AA therapies is improvement of progression-free survival (PFS) that is not accompanied by enhanced overall survival (OS) [26]. This dichotomy has been attributed to mechanisms of acquired re

• ERAP has been crystallized in two

  2024-10-11

  

  ERAP1 has been crystallized in two different conformations, wherein the C-terminal domain IV is either closely interacting with domains I/II and enclosing the active site (termed ‘closed’), or is rotated away in a hinge motion which exposes the active site (‘open’). This large motion correlates with

• br ABCA and cancer drug

  2024-10-11

  

  ABCA2 and cancer drug response Overall, the expression of ABC transporters has been linked with multidrug resistance phenotypes through the efflux of drugs via ATP-dependent transport. For example, 13 distinct transporters (ABCA2, ABCB1, ABCB4, ABCB11, ABCC1–6 ABCC10, ABCC11 and ABCG2) have been

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