• vesicular monoamine transporter br Structural Homology and F

  2022-04-16

  

  Structural Homology and Functional Implications Amino vesicular monoamine transporter sequence analyses of Disp and the Shh receptor Ptch indicate that both proteins share structural homology with a family of bacterial efflux pumps that function in resistance, nodulation, and division (RND) trans

• Previous studies have shown that Cu

  2022-04-16

  

  Previous studies have shown that Cu(I) neurotoxicity includes induction of ROS with involvement of the NF-kB pathway and apoptosis (Butterworth, 2010) and that, in its Cu(I) state, Cu(I) alters microglia phenotype and inhibits nitric oxide release (Rossi-George et al., 2012). Cu(I) has a great affin

• In addition for the function of GSNOR

  2022-04-16

  

  In addition, for the function of GSNOR in brain, since GSNOR is the sole alcohol dehydrogenase isozyme in brain, the failure to detect ethanol dehydrogenase activity poses a problem if it is assumed that this enzyme has evolved and developed as a protective mechanism for ethanol detoxification in th

• Continuing studies of endocannabinoid ligands at GPR

  2022-04-16

  

  Continuing studies of endocannabinoid ligands at GPR55 reveal that virodhamine (O-arachidonylethanolamine) and AEA can act as a partial agonists at GPR55; at high micromolar concentrations can inhibit β-arrestin recruitment (Sharir et al., 2012). It is likely that there are allosteric as well as ort

• Naringin has been shown to

  2022-04-16

  

  Naringin has been shown to have significant anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, glucolipid metabolic regulation, and myocardial protection effects (Gopinath et al., 2011, Gopinath and Sudhandiran, 2012), suggesting that it may mitigate ADC by inhibiting P2X7 receptors. In the present study, na

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2022-04-16

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion To fulfill its role in tissue homeostasis, repair and immunoregulation, MSCs must be able to (i) renew themselves by cell division and proliferation, (ii) migrate to its target end-site in response to chemotaxis signals and (iii) undergo appropriate

• ProteOrange Alpha synuclein AS is a protein located in presy

  2022-04-16

  

  Alpha synuclein (AS) is a protein located in presynaptic terminals of neurons that functions in recycling and storage of neurotransmitters [17]. Under conditions of inflammation and oxidative stress, AS proteins misfold and accumulate into ProteOrange [81], [90]. The aggregates of misfolded AS olig

• AFB Fapy dG has been long recognized as a

  2022-04-16

  

  AFB1-Fapy-dG has been long recognized as a substrate for nucleotide excision repair [24,25]. However, we recently demonstrated that this lesion is removed by UM171 excision repair. We showed that DNA glycosylase NEIL1, a member of the Fpg/Nei glycosylase family, could excise AFB1-Fapy-dG from site-s

• br Materials and methods E coli strains Strains of

  2022-04-16

  

  Materials and methods E. coli strains. Strains of E. coli with mutations in the lacZ gene for β-galactosidase [5] and a derivative with a knock-out mutation of the chromosomal gene for FPG produced with P1vir [6] were obtained from H. Schellhorn (McMaster Univ., Hamilton, Ontario, Canada). Growth

• br Characterization and regional localization of Glu

  2022-04-15

  

  Characterization and regional localization of Glu transporters Molecular studies led to the description of five subtypes of plasma membrane Glu transporters termed in accordance to their human or rodent origin (Kanai and Hediger, 1992, Pines et al., 1992, Storck et al., 1992). In humans, these tr

• br Materials and methods br Results Analysis of the

  2022-04-15

  

  Materials and methods Results Analysis of the post-mortem human prefrontal cortex by western blotting indicated that GLAST expression was increased 1.6-fold in the extracts of alcoholic brains relative to controls (Fig. 1A and B). To resolve the distinct sub-pools of GLAST within our samples w

• Congenital Gcgr mice exhibit increased

  2022-04-15

  

  Congenital Gcgr mice exhibit increased hepatic Fgf21 expression and circulating FGF21 levels. Previous studies by other investigators demonstrated that neutralization of circulating FGF21 with specific phospholipase a2 inhibitor impairs glucose control in these mice [6]. In addition, the FGF21 analo

• dantrolene sodium br Introduction Calorie restriction CR in

  2022-04-15

  

  Introduction Calorie restriction (CR), in the absence of malnutrition, has beneficial effects on dantrolene sodium function, including reducing the incidence of age-related neurodegenerative disease (Gräff et al., 2013), eliciting anti-depressant behavior (Lutter et al., 2008) and improving memo

• br Funding This work was supported by the National

  2022-04-15

  

  Funding This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (RO1DK097550 to JT, RO1AG046619 to WAB and TS, and T32AG000057 to EMR, and T32DK007012 to SG) and by the Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System Research and Development. Introduction In mammals, two isoforms of grow

• br Introduction Conversion of visual input into

  2022-04-15

  

  Introduction Conversion of visual input into electrical information and routing this information to the brain is the main function of the eye (Levin et al., 2011). These processes require a microenvironment that offers adequate supply with oxygen and nutrients and also removal of all unwanted and

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