• Tibolone is also efficacious on bone in elderly

  2021-06-09

  

  Tibolone is also efficacious on bone in elderly women and induces a clear reduction in bone turnover markers [50], [51]. Rymer et al. showed that, after 10 years of treatment with tibolone, the difference in bone mineral density compared with a placebo group was more than 12% for both lumbar spine a

• To analyze EBI expression and its function in T cells

  2021-06-09

  

  To analyze EBI2 expression and its function in T cells in vivo, we created an EGFP reporter/knockout mouse strain, termed EBI2EGFP. This mouse strain in heterozygous configuration allows for a systematic analysis of the expression of EBI2 in distinct cell types in steady-state and under inflammatory

• Oxysterols modulate the immune responses

  2021-06-09

  

  Oxysterols modulate the immune responses and as such could be effectors of the tumor environment: 25-OHC impairs IgA production in B-lymphocytes [26] and induces the secretion of the proinflammatory and angiogenic cytokine IL-8 [27], [28]. Of note, oxysterols (in particular 7α,25-OHC) are potent che

• Why then is leading strand DNA synthesis reduced relative

  2021-06-08

  

  Why then is leading-strand DNA synthesis reduced relative to lagging-strand synthesis in rad53-1 mutant AM 281 under replication stress? To gain insight into this question, we first determined whether the firing of late origins in rad53-1 mutant cells contributes to compromised leading-strand synth

• The collagen binding membrane proteins discoidin

  2021-06-08

  

  The collagen-binding membrane proteins, discoidin domain receptors 1 and 2 (DDR1 and DDR2) belong to the family of receptor tyrosine kinase and are expressed in a variety of mammalian cells.7, 8 These transmembrane glycoproteins (∼125 kDa) have been found to be over-expressed or atypically expressed

• Various domains of DDR have been shown to be

  2021-06-08

  

  Various domains of DDR1 have been shown to be important for receptor clustering and its oligomeric status. It is now understood that (i) dimerization [7] and higher-order oligomerization [12], [18] of the DDR1 extracellular domain (ECD) enhance its binding to collagen; (ii) DDR1 exists as non-covale

• Introduction Tumor necrosis factor TNF is

  2021-06-08

  

  Introduction Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pro-inflammatory mediator with the capacity to induce apoptosis (Benderska et al., 2012). Recent reports have shown that TNF might trigger cell death, at least in part, by directly affecting the reorganization of the CGP 53353 receptor cytoskeleton (Ca

• Interestingly some drugs have been shown to be effective in

  2021-06-08

  

  Interestingly, some drugs have been shown to be effective in the regulation of cytokine production (such as IL-2, IL-10, IL-27, IL-35, IL-37 and transforming growth factor-β, TGF-β) and, therefore, having a key role in the management of certain inflammatory-based clinical conditions (Banchereau et a

• Several mechanisms are implicated in lipid induced insulin r

  2021-06-08

  

  Several mechanisms are implicated in lipid-induced insulin resistance in muscle, including oxidative stress (Koves et al., 2008, Zhang et al., 2011, Muoio and Neufer, 2012). Mitochondrion is a major source of ROS production. The oxidation of pyruvate and fatty paricalcitol yielding acetyl-CoA occur

• br Conflict of interest br

  2021-06-08

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgements This work was partially supported by University of Cagliari. Introduction Organophosphorous pesticides (OPs) are wildly used in the world due to high efficiency, broad spectrum and low residue, which in turn results in environmental pollution and adver

• RCT pathway plays a critical role in the maintenance of

  2021-06-08

  

  RCT pathway plays a critical role in the maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis by facilitating the cholesterol clearance and cholesterol efflux (Levinson & Wagner, 2015). In the process of RCT, ABCA1 and ABCG1 played as crucial regulators in cholesterol efflux (Yasuda et al., 2011). Compared with h

• Many studies have shown that curcumin

  2021-06-08

  

  Many studies have shown that curcumin delays the progression of atherosclerosis in different atherosclerotic animal models [18], [19], [20], [37] and the risk of atherosclerosis in human studies [15], [38], [39]. Curcumin also has many properties that contribute to combat atherosclerosis, such as an

• Dactolisib receptor For the current studies we

  2021-06-08

  

  For the current studies, we used the selective Epac agonist 8CPT-AM to directly activate the proteins. We chose this pharmacological approach since it allows a direct activation of Epacs rather than using receptor agonists such as PGE2 which could introduce confounding variables. One potential conce

• The importance of EBI for B

  2021-06-07

  

  The importance of EBI2 for B cell function was first suggested by the dramatic upregulation of this receptor in EBV-transformed B cells and further inferred from its regulation in activated and GC B cells (Birkenbach et al., 1993, Glynne et al., 2000, Shaffer et al., 2000). An involvement of EBI2 in

• E ubiquitin ligases are key players

  2021-06-07

  

  E3 ubiquitin ligases are key players in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway because they catalyse ubiquitination of substrate proteins.39, 40, 41 As important regulators of cellular ubiquitination, E3 ligases are emerging as attractive drug targets, particularly in cancer.42, 43, 44 However, E3 ligases

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